The first enhancer in an enhancer chain safeguards subsequent enhancer-promoter contacts from a distance

Effects of supercoiling on enhancer–promoter contacts

Using Brownian dynamics simulations, we investigate here one of possible roles of supercoiling within topological domains constituting interphase chromosomes of higher eukaryotes. We analysed how supercoiling affects the interaction between enhancers and promoters that are located in the same or in neighbouring topological domains. We show here that enhancer-promoter affinity and supercoiling a...

Mapping the D.melanogaster En1A Enhancer Modules Responsible for Transcription Activation and Long-Distance Enhancer-Promoter Interactions

The structure of the new enhancer En1A of the 1A region of the X chromosome of D. melanogaster was investigated. Two distinct regulatory elements were found. The first element is responsible for transcription activation, and the second element provides specific interaction with the promoter of the yellow gene. The findings support the hypothesis of a modular structure for enhancers, including c...

Liver-specific Liver-specific Glucocorticoid enhancer enhancer inducible cAMP-regulation enhancer Promoter

Fig. 18 Shown are the regulatory elements characterized so far, which control the transcription of the tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) gene. The TAT gene may be induced either by glycocorticoids or by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which activates the protein kinase A. All distances are given in kilobases (kb) and refer to the starting point of the TAT gene transcription (arrow). mediat...

Long - range enhancer - promoter interactions :

An extensive enhancer-promoter map generated by genome-scale analysis of enhancer and gene activity patterns